本頁重點
In short
本頁是台灣海域灰色地帶監測常用名詞的中英雙語詞彙表，涵蓋灰色地帶行動、暗船、AIS 欺騙、MMSI、旁靠、SAR、權宜旗與領海基線等。每個詞彙皆有錨點連結，可直接引用。
A bilingual (English / Traditional Chinese) glossary of the terms used in Taiwan maritime gray-zone monitoring — gray-zone operations, dark vessels, AIS spoofing, MMSI, ship-to-ship transfers, SAR, flags of convenience, territorial baselines, and more. Every term has an anchor link for direct citation.
灰色地帶與可疑行為Gray Zone & Suspicious Behavior
Gray zone operations 灰色地帶行動
刻意維持在公開武裝衝突門檻之下的脅迫或挑釁行動，利用模糊與可否認性遂行目的。
→ 詳見Coercive or provocative actions deliberately kept below the threshold of open armed conflict, exploiting ambiguity and deniability.
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Going dark 走暗
刻意關閉船舶 AIS 應答器，使其從一般追蹤平台上消失。
Deliberately switching off a vessel's AIS transponder so it disappears from conventional tracking platforms.
Dark vessel 暗船
被 SAR 衛星雷達偵測到、卻沒有對應 AIS 訊號的船隻：人在海上，但在 AIS 追蹤上看不見。
→ 詳見A vessel detected by SAR satellite radar that has no matching AIS broadcast — present on the water but invisible to AIS trackers.
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Loitering 低速徘徊
在小範圍內以低速長時間停留，例如海底電纜附近，是威脅評分重點關注的行為。
Lingering at low speed within a small area, e.g. near a submarine cable — a behavior the threat score weights heavily.
Ship-to-ship transfer (STS) 船對船轉運（旁靠）
兩艘船在海上並靠、不進港即轉移貨物、燃油或漁獲；多數合法，但也被用於隱匿貨物來源。
→ 詳見Two vessels lying alongside at sea to move cargo, fuel, or catch without entering port; lawful in many cases, but also used to conceal cargo origin.
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Rendezvous 海上會合
兩艘船在海上特定地點的預定會合，常是船對船轉運的前置動作。
A prearranged meeting of two vessels at a point at sea, often the precursor to a ship-to-ship transfer.
Shadow fleet 影子船隊
以老舊、所有權不透明的油輪轉運受制裁貨物（如石油），同時隱匿船東與來源的船隊。
Aging, opaquely-owned tankers used to move sanctioned cargo (e.g. oil) while obscuring ownership and origin.
IUU fishing 非法、未報告及不受規範漁業
違反規定、未經通報或在管理規範之外進行的捕撈活動。
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing — fishing that breaks rules, goes unreported, or occurs outside any management regime.
偵測技術Detection Technology
AIS 自動識別系統
自動識別系統：以 VHF 無線電每隔數秒廣播船舶身分、位置、速度與航向的應答器。
→ 詳見Automatic Identification System: a VHF radio transponder that broadcasts a ship's identity, position, speed, and course every few seconds.
→ learn more
AIS spoofing AIS 欺騙
廣播假的 AIS 資料（虛假位置、速度或冒用他船身分），藉以隱匿船舶真實行蹤。
→ 詳見Broadcasting false AIS data — fake position, speed, or another ship's identity — to conceal a vessel's true movements.
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SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) 合成孔徑雷達
主動式雷達衛星，不受雲層、天候或日夜影響，可對海面金屬物體成像。
An active radar satellite that images metal objects on the sea surface regardless of cloud, weather, or daylight.
MMSI 水上行動業務識別碼
九位數的船舶識別號碼；前三碼（MID）代表船旗國。
Maritime Mobile Service Identity: a 9-digit number identifying a vessel; the first three digits (MID) indicate its flag state.
IMO number 國際海事組織編號
永久性的七位數船體識別碼，不同於船名或 MMSI，理論上終身不變。
A permanent 7-digit hull identifier that, unlike name or MMSI, is meant never to change over a ship's lifetime.
MID 海上識別碼
MMSI 的前三碼，用以標示船舶的船旗國。
Maritime Identification Digits: the first three digits of an MMSI, encoding the vessel's flag state.
海洋法與地理Maritime Law & Geography
Territorial baseline 領海基線
用以衡量領海、鄰接區、專屬經濟海域等海域範圍的起算線（通常為低潮線）。
The line (usually the low-water coastline) from which a state's maritime zones — territorial sea, contiguous zone, EEZ — are measured.
Territorial sea (12 nm) 領海（12 浬）
自基線起算至 12 浬的海域，沿海國對其享有主權。
The belt of sea up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, over which the coastal state has sovereignty.
Contiguous zone (24 nm) 鄰接區（24 浬）
自基線起算至 24 浬，沿海國可在此執行海關、移民、衛生與財政法律。
Up to 24 nm from the baseline, where a state may enforce customs, immigration, sanitary, and fiscal laws.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 專屬經濟海域
自基線起算至 200 浬，沿海國對其自然資源享有主權權利。
Up to 200 nm from the baseline, where the coastal state has sovereign rights over natural resources.
Submarine cable 海底電纜
承載網際網路與通訊的海底光纖電纜；台灣逾 95% 對外連通仰賴於此。
→ 詳見Undersea fibre-optic cables carrying internet and communications; Taiwan depends on them for over 95% of external connectivity.
→ learn more